· While synthetic organic polymers and polymer networks existed before Hermann Staudinger put forward his Macromolecular Hypothesis in 1920, both of these polymeric materials saw tremendous development and expansion after this Hypothesis, and, sometimes, because of it. This article overviews in tutorial style the history, chemistry, properties, uses, and economics of synthetic organic polymer
· A high purity fluorocarbon refrigerant, R12, is also used in immersion or spray cooling systems, but again there is only a limited use in the fishing industry. 3.1.1.2 Refrigerants Although there are a wide range of refrigerants available, many have properties which suit them for special purpose applications only.
An integrated circuit with inverters, logic gates, a SRAM cell, and a 5-stage ring oscillator was also demonstrated with exfoliated bilayer MoS 2. 57 In Fig. 23a, a flip-flop SRAM circuit with MoS 2 transistors can be set to logic state 1 (or 0) by applying a low (or high) voltage to the input. The output logic state stays at 0 or 1 after the
· CO 2, an anthropogenic greenhouse gas, is accountable for global warming, ocean acidification, and is an impurity in several industrially important gas mixtures.Advanced CO 2 capture (C-capture) technologies with low energy footprints must emerge if society is to transition to a sustainable low-carbon economy. Herein we address the state-of-the-art with respect to C-capture by metal
· Additionally, printed circuit board is a major constituent of discarded electronic scraps and it accounts for circa 30% of the total electronic scrap generated. Due to the heterogeneous mix of organic material, metal and glass fibre, printed circuit board waste is particularly very problematic to recycle . Printed circuit boards are one of the
· Precious metals, such as gold and silver, are obtained with a high quality using hydrometallurgical process (Karamanoglua and Aydınb 2015). The procedure has been performed using different reagents (Kim et al. 2011a, b). For more than one century, cyanide leaching has been the main reagent used.
Research progress on the applications of paper chips X. Tong, L. Ga, R. Zhao and J. Ai, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 8793 DOI 10.1039/D0RA10470A This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.
· Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) make up the major portion of e-waste, and their informal recycling can cause environmental pollution and health risks. Furthermore, the conventional disposal and recycling techniques—mechanical treatments used to recover valuable metals, including copper—are not sustainable in the long term.
· The arrays based on metal-oxide-semiconductors 9,10, gravimetric 11 or conductive polymers 12 sensors are known so far and have already been applied to
Tecnocut is a leading manufacturer of complete waterjet cutting systems. Tecnocut is the only manufacturer in Italy, and among the few in the world to engineer and develop everything internally. Three basic components ultra-high pressure intensifiers, cutting robots and highly sophisticated software. Tecnocut’s product line and technology is
· Electric motors and generators. Electric motors, generators, alternators and loudspeakers are explained using animations and schematics. This is a resource page from Physclips, a multi-level multimedia introduction to physics ( download the animations on this page ). Schematics and operation of different types of motor. DC motors.
Smart Materials and Structures is a multi-disciplinary journal dedicated to technical advances in (and applications of) smart materials, systems and structures including intelligent systems, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control.. This journal will soon be changing to double-anonymous peer review. Please bear this in mind if you are preparing a submission.
· Hydrometallurgical processes. This process is commonly and widely used for profitable recycling of the WPCB metallic fraction (Fig. 2).In this process, the metal contents are dissolved into leaching solutions consisting of strong sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, and alkalis (Tsydenova and Bengtsson 2011).The desired metal is recovered from the metal solutions by
In the past few years, triboelectric nanogenerator-based (TENG-based) hybrid generators and systems have experienced a widespread and flourishing development, ranging among almost every aspect of our lives, e.g., from industry to consumer, outdoor to indoor, and wearable to implantable applications. Although TENG technology has been extensively investigated for mechanical energy harvesting
· Therefore, recycling waste printed circuit boards represents an opportunity to recover the high value resin chemicals and the high value metals that are present. In this study, the solvo-thermal depolymerisation of waste printed circuit boards obtained from desktop computer monitors was carried out using water, ethanol and acetone between 300 and 400 °C. Alkalis (NaOH, KOH) were used as additives to promote the removal of the resin fraction of the printed circuit boards.
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· 1. Introduction. Epoxy is the most common and widely used thermosetting resin for adhesives, coatings, semiconductor encapsulation, hardware components, electronic circuit board materials, aerospace, and composite matrix because of its high performance such as high tensile strength, high stiffness, exceptional electrical performance and excellent chemical resistance.
· The effect of ultrasonication assisted acid leaching process on the separation and recovery of Cu and Fe from the printed circuit board (PCB) waste sludge was studied by Xie et al. . The Cu and Fe leaching efficiency of 97.83% and 1.23%, respectively, was achieved at pH 3, sonication power of 160 W and leaching time of 60 min.
· This work is targeting copper, the most abundant metal in e-waste that represents up to 20% by weight of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In the first stage, bioleaching was tested for different pulp densities (0.25–1.00% w/v) and successfully used to extract multiple metals from PCBs using the acidophilic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.
· The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on. the ATmega328 .It has 14 digital input/output pins (of. which 6 can b e used as P WM outputs), 6 analog input s,
· Main Switch Board These meters on main switchboard are used to monitor the electricity supply from transformer, ensuring the incoming current is 415V - 1%, if any current is different more than 1% of 415V, the breaker in main switch board will trip. The type of breaker used in main switchboard is air circuit breaker (ACB).
· It is greatly significant to separate precious metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) with appropriate methods for the resource recycling and environment protection. A combined physical beneficiation technology for the recovery of waste PCBs was investigated. Waste PCBs were disassembled into substrates and slots firstly.
· The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on. the ATmega328 .It has 14 digital input/output pins (of. which 6 can b e used as P WM outputs), 6 analog input s,
· Waste printed circuit board (WPCB), an important kind of electronic waste (e-waste), contains many valuable metals, and the recycling of WPCB is a hot topic in e-waste recycling. On the one hand, WPCB is an important source of PBDE mixture, and a report shows that 25% of FR2-type circuit boards in old appliances were treated with the mixture of penta-BDE (UNEP 2009 Man et al. 2013 ).
· The demand for sophisticated tools and approaches in heat management and control has triggered the fast development of fields that include conductive
· While synthetic organic polymers and polymer networks existed before Hermann Staudinger put forward his Macromolecular Hypothesis in 1920, both of these polymeric materials saw tremendous development and expansion after this Hypothesis, and, sometimes, because of it. This article overviews in tutorial style the history, chemistry, properties, uses, and economics of synthetic organic polymer
· It is greatly significant to separate precious metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) with appropriate methods for the resource recycling and environment protection. A combined physical beneficiation technology for the recovery of waste PCBs was investigated. Waste PCBs were disassembled into substrates and slots firstly. Waste PCB substrates were crushed to the size below
· In the present study, a model of closed-loop recycling of copper from PCBs is demonstrated, which involves the sequential application of bioleaching and electrowinning to selectively extract copper. This approach is proposed as part of the solution to resolve the challenging ever-increasing accumulation of electronic waste, e-waste, in the environment.
· In the case of this RF-controlled switch, there are two a 25 V Zener used to activate the relay, and a 5 V Zener that supplies the IC and radio circuitry. This is a handy feature of the TPS circuit.
ESA Space Solutions is the go-to place for great business ideas involving space in all areas of society and economy. Our mission is to support entrepreneurs in Europe in the development of business using satellite applications and space technology.Our programme is designed to provide multiple entry points such as ESA Business Incubation Centres (ESA BICs), ESA Technology Transfer Broker
It is one of the most widely used plastics for its high strength, toughness and lightness combined with high temperature properties and exceptional resistance to oil, grease and solvents. It is used as a bearing and wear material for seals, gears, wear plates, bushings, and washers, frequently used as a replacement for many metals.
· Informal recycling is a new and expanding low cost recycling practice in managing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE or e-waste). It occurs in many developing countries, including China, where current gaps in environmental management, high demand for second-hand electronic appliances and the norm of selling e-waste to individual collectors encourage the growth of a strong